📘 2. VERB (动词 – Verb)
Definition
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EN: Verbs express actions, processes, or states.
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DE: Verben drücken Handlungen, Vorgänge oder Zustände aus.
Typical Function
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Function as predicates, central to sentence structure.
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Can take objects (transitive) or stand alone (intransitive).
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Often combined with aspect markers (了 le, 过 guò, 着 zhe).
Typical Combinations
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吃饭 (chī fàn) = to eat food
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看书 (kàn shū) = to read a book
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去学校 (qù xuéxiào) = to go to school
🔹 Subcategories
2.1 🟥🟥 🏃 Main Verbs (行为动词 – Main Verbs)
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Express concrete actions or activities.
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PY: Wǒ chī píngguǒ.
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ZH: 我吃苹果。
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EN Example: I eat an apple.
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DE Beispiel: Ich esse einen Apfel.
2.2 🟥🟥 💭 Stative Verbs (状态动词 – Stative Verbs)
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Express states, conditions, or qualities.
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PY: Wǒ xǐhuān zhè běn shū.
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ZH: 我喜欢这本书。
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EN Example: I like this book.
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DE Beispiel: Ich mag dieses Buch.
2.3 🟥🟥 🤝 Linking Verbs (系动词 – Linking Verbs)
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Connect subject with complement.
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PY: Tā shì xuésheng.
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ZH: 他是学生。
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EN Example: He is a student.
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DE Beispiel: Er ist ein Schüler.
2.4 🟥🟥 🧩 Modal Verbs (能愿动词 – Modal Verbs)
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Express ability, possibility, necessity, permission.
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PY: Wǒ néng shuō Hànyǔ.
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ZH: 我能说汉语。
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EN Example: I can speak Chinese.
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DE Beispiel: Ich kann Chinesisch sprechen.
2.5 🟥🟥 ⏳ Aspectual / Auxiliary Verbs (助动词 – Auxiliary / Aspect Verbs)
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Used with main verbs to express tense, aspect, or completion.
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PY: Wǒ kàn guo zhè bù diànyǐng.
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ZH: 我看过这部电影。
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EN Example: I have seen this movie.
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DE Beispiel: Ich habe diesen Film gesehen.
2.6 🟥🟥 🔄 Resultative / Complement Verbs (结果动词 – Resultative Verbs)
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Express the result or direction of an action.
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PY: Tā kànwán le shū.
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ZH: 他看完了书。
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EN Example: He finished reading the book.
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DE Beispiel: Er hat das Buch zu Ende gelesen.
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