2️⃣ Master Table + Summary
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#
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Hanzi
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Pinyin
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Tone
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HSK
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English Meaning
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Deutsch
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Function / Use
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Example
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EN
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DE
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1
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能
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néng
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🟢 (2)
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HSK1
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can, be able to
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können, fähig sein
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expresses physical or learned ability
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我能游泳 wǒ néng yóuyǒng
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I can swim
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Ich kann schwimmen
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2
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会
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huì
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🟣 (4)
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HSK1
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can, know how to
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können, wissen wie
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learned skill / future prediction
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我会说中文 wǒ huì shuō zhōngwén
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I can speak Chinese
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Ich kann Chinesisch sprechen
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3
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可以
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kěyǐ
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🟢🟣 (3–4)
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HSK2
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may, allowed to
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dürfen, können
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permission / possibility
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你可以走了 nǐ kěyǐ zǒu le
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You may leave
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Du darfst gehen
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4
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要
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yào
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🟣 (4)
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HSK1
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to want / to be going to
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wollen / werden
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intention / near future
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我要去北京 wǒ yào qù Běijīng
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I’m going to Beijing
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Ich werde nach Peking fahren
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5
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想
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xiǎng
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🔵 (3)
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HSK1
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to want / to think
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wollen / denken
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desire / wish
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我想吃米饭 wǒ xiǎng chī mǐfàn
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I want to eat rice
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Ich möchte Reis essen
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6
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应该
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yīnggāi
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🔴🟢 (1–1/2)
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HSK3
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should / ought to
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sollen
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moral obligation
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你应该学习 nǐ yīnggāi xuéxí
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You should study
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Du solltest lernen
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7
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必须
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bìxū
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🟣🟣 (4–1)
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HSK3
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must / have to
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müssen
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absolute necessity
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我必须去 wǒ bìxū qù
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I must go
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Ich muss gehen
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8
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得
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děi
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🔵 (3)
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HSK3
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must / need to
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müssen
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informal necessity
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我得走了 wǒ děi zǒu le
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I gotta go
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Ich muss los
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9
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愿意
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yuànyì
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🟣🟢 (4–4)
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HSK4
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willing to
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bereit sein
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expresses willingness / consent
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我愿意帮你 wǒ yuànyì bāng nǐ
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I’m willing to help
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Ich bin bereit, dir zu helfen
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10
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会 (future)
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huì
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🟣 (4)
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HSK2
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will (future)
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werden (Futur)
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expresses future possibility
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明天会下雨 míngtiān huì xià yǔ
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It will rain tomorrow
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Morgen wird es regnen
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11
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将
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jiāng
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🔴 (1)
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HSK5
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will, shall (formal)
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wird (gehoben)
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formal written future marker
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将来 jiānglái
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future / zukünftig
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die Zukunft
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