2️⃣ Master Table of Prefixes + Summary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
Hanzi
|
Pinyin
|
Tone
|
HSK
|
English Meaning
|
Deutsch
|
Function / Word Class
|
Example
|
Example EN
|
Beispiel DE
|
1
|
不
|
bù
|
🟣(4)
|
HSK1
|
not / negative
|
nicht
|
negates adjectives & verbs
|
不好 bùhǎo
|
not good
|
nicht gut
|
2
|
没
|
méi
|
🟢(2)
|
HSK1
|
not have / didn’t
|
nicht haben / nicht
|
negates verbs in past
|
没去 méi qù
|
didn’t go
|
nicht gegangen
|
3
|
非
|
fēi
|
🔴(1)
|
HSK4
|
non-, anti-, un-
|
nicht-, un-, anti-
|
logical / moral negation
|
非法 fēifǎ
|
illegal
|
ungesetzlich
|
4
|
可
|
kě
|
🟢(3→2 variant)
|
HSK3
|
can-, able-, possible
|
fähig, möglich
|
indicates potential / ability
|
可爱 kě’ài
|
lovable
|
liebenswert
|
5
|
最
|
zuì
|
🟣(4)
|
HSK2
|
most / superlative
|
am meisten / superlativ
|
superlative prefix
|
最好 zuìhǎo
|
best
|
am besten
|
6
|
再
|
zài
|
🟢(4→2 variant)
|
HSK2
|
again / re-
|
wieder
|
repetition / iteration
|
再见 zàijiàn
|
goodbye (see again)
|
auf Wiedersehen
|
7
|
第
|
dì
|
🟣(4)
|
HSK2
|
ordinal prefix (first, second)
|
Ordnungspräfix
|
for numbers, order
|
第一 dì yī
|
first
|
erste/r/s
|
8
|
每
|
měi
|
🔵(3)
|
HSK2
|
every / each
|
jeder
|
temporal repetition
|
每天 měitiān
|
every day
|
jeden Tag
|
9
|
小
|
xiǎo
|
🔵(3)
|
HSK3
|
little, young, familiar
|
klein, vertraut
|
politeness, nickname
|
小王 Xiǎo Wáng
|
Little Wang
|
(der) kleine Wang
|
10
|
老
|
lǎo
|
🔵(3)
|
HSK3
|
old, respected
|
alt, ehrwürdig
|
respect prefix
|
老张 Lǎo Zhāng
|
Old Zhang
|
(der) alte Zhang
|
11
|
新
|
xīn
|
🔴(1)
|
HSK4
|
new-, neo-
|
neu-, jung-
|
newly created, modern
|
新年 xīnnián
|
New Year
|
Neujahr
|
12
|
阿
|
ā
|
🔴(1)
|
HSK5
|
affectionate prefix (nicknames)
|
liebevoller Präfix
|
affection, familiarity
|
阿姨 āyí
|
auntie
|
Tante
|
13
|
超
|
chāo
|
🔴(1)
|
HSK4
|
super-, ultra-
|
über-, super-
|
intensifying prefix
|
超级 chāojí
|
super / extrem
|
super / extrem
|
14
|
反
|
fǎn
|
🔵(3)
|
HSK4
|
anti-, reverse
|
gegen-, rück-
|
opposition prefix
|
反对 fǎnduì
|
oppose
|
sich widersetzen
|
15
|
前
|
qián
|
🟢(2)
|
HSK4
|
pre-, before
|
vor-, vorher-
|
temporal / order prefix
|
前期 qiánqī
|
early stage
|
Frühphase
|
16
|
后
|
hòu
|
🟣(4)
|
HSK4
|
post-, after
|
nach-, später-
|
temporal / sequential
|
后来 hòulái
|
afterwards
|
später
|
17
|
同
|
tóng
|
🟢(2)
|
HSK4
|
co-, together
|
gemeinsam, gleich
|
mutuality
|
同学 tóngxué
|
classmate
|
Mitschüler/in
|
18
|
总
|
zǒng
|
🔵(3)
|
HSK4
|
general, chief
|
gesamt, haupt-
|
title prefix
|
总经理 zǒngjīnglǐ
|
general manager
|
Generaldirektor
|
19
|
前缀 (meta)
|
qiánzuì
|
🟢(2)🟣(4)
|
—
|
prefix itself
|
Präfix
|
linguistic term
|
—
|
—
|
—
|