🟦🟦 1. NOUN (名词 – Noun / Nomen)
míngcí / 名词 / Noun
1.1 🟦🟦 📦 Concrete Noun – Konkrete Dinge (具体事物 / jùtǐ shìwù / Concrete things)
1.2 🟦🟦 🌏 Proper Noun – Eigennamen (专有名词 / zhuānyǒu míngcí / Proper noun)
1.3 🟦🟦 🏠 Place Noun – Ortsangaben (地方词 / dìfāng cí / Place words)
1.4 🟦🟦 🕒 Time Noun – Zeitangaben (时间词 / shíjiān cí / Time words)
1.5 🟦🟦 ❤️ Abstract Noun – Abstrakta (抽象词 / chōuxiàng cí / Abstract words)
1.6 🟦🟦 👥 Collective Noun – Kollektivum (集合名词 / jíhé míngcí / Collective noun)
1.7 🟦🟦 💲 Measure Noun – Mengenbegriffe (量词 / liàngcí / Quantity noun)
🟥🟥 2. VERB (动词 – Verb)
dòngcí / 动词 / Verb
2.1 🟥🟥 🏃 Main Verb – Vollverb (主动词 / zhǔ dòngcí / Main verb)
2.2 🟥🟥 🤲 Transitive Verb – Transitiver Gebrauch (及物动词 / jíwù dòngcí / Transitive verb)
2.3 🟥🟥 🚶 Intransitive Verb – Intransitiver Gebrauch (不及物动词 / bù jíwù dòngcí / Intransitive verb)
2.4 🟥🟥 💭 Modal Verb – Modalverb (情态动词 / qíngtài dòngcí / Modal verb)
2.5 🟥🟥 🔁 Aspect Verb – Aspektverb (时态动词 / shìtài dòngcí / Aspect verb)
2.6 🟥🟥 🧭 Directional Verb – Richtungsverb (趋向动词 / qūxiàng dòngcí / Directional verb)
2.7 🟥🟥 🪨 Static Verb – Stativverb (静态动词 / jìngtài dòngcí / Static verb)
2.8 🟥🟥 🔗 Linking Verb – Kopulaverb (系动词 / xì dòngcí / Linking verb, z. B. 是 shì)
2.9 🟥🟥 🎯 Resultative Verb – Resultativverb (结果补语动词 / jiéguǒ bǔyǔ dòngcí / Resultative verb)
🟩🟩 3. ADJECTIVE (形容词 – Adjective / Adjektiv)
xíngróngcí / 形容词 / Adjective
3.1 🟩🟩 🌟 Quality Adjective – Eigenschaftsadjektiv (性质形容词 / xìngzhì xíngróngcí / Quality adjective)
3.2 🟩🟩 🎨 Color Adjective – Farbadjektiv (颜色形容词 / yánsè xíngróngcí / Color adjective)
3.3 🟩🟩 🔢 Quantitative Adjective – Zahladjektiv (数量形容词 / shùliàng xíngróngcí / Quantitative adjective)
🔢 4. NUMERAL & MEASURE WORDS (数词 + 量词 – Zahlwörter & ZEW)
shùcí + liàngcí / 数词 + 量词 / Numeral & Measure words
4.1 🟦 📏 Measure Word (ZEW) – Zähleinheitswort (量词 / liàngcí / Measure word)
4.2 🔢 Ordinal Number – Ordnungszahl (序数数词 / xùshù shùcí / Ordinal number)
4.3 🔢 Cardinal Number – Kardinalzahl (基数数词 / jīshù shùcí / Cardinal number)
4.4 🔢 Fraction – Bruch (分数 / fēnshù / Fraction)
4.5 🔢 Percentage – Prozentsatz (百分数 / bǎifēnshù / Percentage)
4.6 🔢 Collective Numeral – Kollektivzahl (集合数词 / jíhé shùcí / Collective numeral)
⬛ 5. PRONOUN (代词 – Pronoun / Pronomen)
dàicí / 代词 / Pronoun
5.1 ⬛ 👤 Personal Pronoun – Personalpronomen (人称代词 / rénchēng dàicí / Personal pronoun)
5.2 ⬛ 🤝 Reflexive Pronoun – Reflexivpronomen (反身代词 / fǎnshè dàicí / Reflexive pronoun)
5.3 ⬛ ❓ Interrogative Pronoun – Fragepronomen (疑问代词 / yíwèn dàicí / Interrogative pronoun)
5.4 ⬛ 👉 Demonstrative Pronoun – Demonstrativpronomen (指示代词 / zhǐshì dàicí / Demonstrative pronoun)
5.5 ⬛ 🔄 Reciprocal Pronoun – Wechselseitiges Fürwort (互动代词 / hùdòng dàicí / Reciprocal pronoun)
5.6 ⬛ 🏠 Possessive Pronoun – Possessivpronomen (所有代词 / suǒyǒu dàicí / Possessive pronoun)
🟪 6. ADVERB (副词 – Adverb)
fùcí / 副词 / Adverb
6.1 🟪 ⏱ Time Adverb – Temporaladverb (时间副词 / shíjiān fùcí / Time adverb)
6.2 🟪 🙇 Interrogative Adverb – Frageadverb (疑问副词 / yíwèn fùcí / Interrogative adverb)
6.3 🟪 💯 Degree Adverb – Gradadverb (程度副词 / chéngdù fùcí / Degree adverb)
6.4 🟪 🚫 Negation Adverb – Negationsadverb (否定副词 / fǒudìng fùcí / Negation adverb)
6.5 🟪 🎯 Focus Adverb – Fokuspartikel / Adverb (重点副词 / zhòngdiǎn fùcí / Focus adverb)
🔷 7. PREPOSITION (介词 – Preposition / Präposition)
jiècí / 介词 / Preposition
7.1 🔷 📍 Locative Preposition – Lokale Präposition (地点介词 / dìdiǎn jiècí / Locative preposition)
7.2 🔷 ⏰ Temporal Preposition – Zeitliche Präposition (时间介词 / shíjiān jiècí / Temporal preposition)
7.3 🔷 🎯 Purpose Preposition – Zweck-Präposition (目的介词 / mùdì jiècí / Purpose preposition)
7.4 🔷 🔄 Instrumental Preposition – Mittel/Instrument (工具介词 / gōngjù jiècí / Instrumental preposition)
🌸 8. PARTICLE (助词 – Partikel)
zhùcí / 助词 / Particle
8.1 🌸 了 (le) – Modal Particle (Modalpartikel)
8.2 🌸 的 (de) – Structural Particle (Strukturpartikel)
8.3 🌸 吗 (ma) – Interrogative Particle (Fragepartikel)
8.4 🌸 吧 (ba) – Suggestive Particle (Vorschlagspartikel)
🟨 9. CONJUNCTION (连词 – Conjunction / Konjunktion)
liáncí / 连词 / Conjunction
9.1 🟨 ➕ Coordinating Conjunction – Nebenordnende Konjunktion
9.2 🟨 ➡ Subordinating Conjunction – Unterordnende Konjunktion
🟧 10. INTERJECTION (叹词 – Interjection / Interjektion)
tàncí / 叹词 / Interjection
10.1 🟧 😮 Exclamatory – Ausruf
10.2 🟧 🙏 Polite – Höflichkeitsformeln
🟠 11. ARTICLE (冠词 – Article / Artikel)
guàncí / 冠词 / Article
11.1 🟠 a / an – unbestimmter Artikel (不定冠词)
11.2 🟠 the – bestimmter Artikel (定冠词)
🔊 12. ONOMATOPOEIA (拟声词 – Onomatopoetika / Lautmalerei)
nǐshēngcí / 拟声词 / Onomatopoeia
12.1 🔊 🐦 Animal Sounds – Tierlaute (动物叫声 / dòngwù jiàoshēng / animal sounds)
12.2 🔊 💥 Impact Sounds – Geräusche (撞击声 / zhuàngjī shēng / impact sounds)
12.3 🔊 🌧 Nature Sounds – Naturlaute (自然声 / zìrán shēng / natural sounds)
12.4 🔊 👶 Human Sounds – menschliche Laute (咳嗽声 / késou shēng / human sounds)
12.5 🔊 🎵 Miscellaneous – sonstige lautmalerische Wörter
🟦🟦 1. NOUN (名词 – Noun / Nomen) míngcí / 名词 / Noun
1.1 🟦🟦 📦 Concrete Noun – Konkrete Dinge (jùtǐ shìwù / 具体事物 / Concrete things)
1.2 🟦🟦 🌏 Proper Noun – Eigennamen (zhuānyǒu míngcí / 专有名词 / Proper noun)
1.3 🟦🟦 🏠 Place Noun – Ortsangaben (dìfāng cí / 地方词 / Place words)
1.4 🟦🟦 🕒 Time Noun – Zeitangaben (shíjiān cí / 时间词 / Time words)
1.5 🟦🟦 ❤️ Abstract Noun – Abstrakta (chōuxiàng cí / 抽象词 / Abstract words)
1.6 🟦🟦 👥 Collective Noun – Kollektivum (jíhé míngcí / 集合名词 / Collective noun)
1.7 🟦🟦 💲 Measure Noun – Mengenbegriffe (liàngcí / 量词 / Quantity noun)
🟥🟥 2. VERB (动词 – Verb)dòngcí / 动词 / Verb
2.1 🟥🟥 🏃 Main Verb – Vollverb (zhǔ dòngcí / 主动词 / Main verb)
2.2 🟥🟥 🤲 Transitive Verb – Transitiver Gebrauch (及物动词 / jíwù dòngcí / Transitive verb)
2.3 🟥🟥 🚶 Intransitive Verb – Intransitiver Gebrauch (不及物动词 / bù jíwù dòngcí / Intransitive verb)
2.4 🟥🟥 💭 Modal Verb – Modalverb (qíngtài dòngcí / 情态动词 / Modal verb)
2.5 🟥🟥 🔁 Aspect Verb – Aspektverb (shìtài dòngcí / 时态动词 / Aspect verb)
2.6 🟥🟥 🧭 Directional Verb – Richtungsverb (qūxiàng dòngcí / 趋向动词 / Directional verb)
🟩🟩 3. ADJECTIVE (形容词 – Adjective / Adjektiv)xíngróngcí / 形容词 / Adjective
3.1 🟩🟩 🌟 Quality Adjective – Eigenschaftsadjektiv (xìngzhì xíngróngcí / 性质形容词 / Quality adjective)
3.2 🟩🟩 🎨 Color Adjective – Farbadjektiv (yánsè xíngróngcí / 颜色形容词 / Color adjective)
3.3 🟩🟩 🔢 Quantitative Adjective – Zahladjektiv (shùliàng xíngróngcí / 数量形容词 / Quantitative adjective)
🔢 4. NUMERAL & MEASURE WORDS (数词 + 量词 – Zahlwörter & ZEW)
shùcí + liàngcí / 数词 + 量词 / Numeral & Measure words
4.1 🟦 📏 Measure Word (ZEW) – Zähleinheitswort (liàngcí / 量词 / Measure word)
4.2 🔢 Ordinal Number – Ordnungszahl (xùshù shùcí / 序数数词 / Ordinal number)
4.3 🔢 Cardinal Number – Kardinalzahl (jīshù shùcí / 基数数词 / Cardinal number)
4.4 🔢 Fraction – Bruch (fēnshù / 分数 / Fraction)
4.5 🔢 Percentage – Prozentsatz (bǎifēnshù / 百分数 / Percentage)
4.6 🔢 Collective Numeral – Kollektivzahl (jíhé shùcí / 集合数词 / Collective numeral)
⬛ 5. PRONOUN (代词 – Pronoun / Pronomen) dàicí / 代词 / Pronoun
5.1 ⬛ 👤 Personal Pronoun – Personalpronomen (rénchēng dàicí / 人称代词 / Personal pronoun)
5.2 ⬛ 🤝 Reflexive Pronoun – Reflexivpronomen (fǎnshè dàicí / 反身代词 / Reflexive pronoun)
5.3 ⬛ ❓ Interrogative Pronoun – Fragepronomen (yíwèn dàicí / 疑问代词 / Interrogative pronoun)
5.4 ⬛ 👉 Demonstrative Pronoun – Demonstrativpronomen (zhǐshì dàicí / 指示代词 / Demonstrative pronoun)
5.5 ⬛ 🔄 Reciprocal Pronoun – Wechselseitiges Fürwort (hùdòng dàicí / 互动代词 / Reciprocal pronoun)
5.6 ⬛ 🏠 Possessive Pronoun – Possessivpronomen (suǒyǒu dàicí / 所有代词 / Possessive pronoun)
🟪 6. ADVERB (副词 – Adverb) fùcí / 副词 / Adverb
6.1 🟪 ⏱ Time Adverb – Temporaladverb (shíjiān fùcí / 时间副词 / Time adverb)
6.2 🟪 🙇 Interrogative Adverb – Frageadverb (yíwèn fùcí / 疑问副词 / Interrogative adverb)
6.3 🟪 💯 Degree Adverb – Gradadverb (chéngdù fùcí / 程度副词 / Degree adverb)
6.4 🟪 🚫 Negation Adverb – Negationsadverb (fǒudìng fùcí / 否定副词 / Negation adverb)
6.5 🟪 🎯 Focus Adverb – Fokuspartikel/Adverb (zhòngdiǎn fùcí / 重点副词 / Focus adverb)
🔷 7. PREPOSITION (介词 – Preposition / Präposition) jiècí / 介词 / Preposition
7.1 🔷 📍 Locative Preposition – Lokale Präposition (dìdiǎn jiècí / 地点介词 / Locative preposition)
7.2 🔷 ⏰ Temporal Preposition – Zeitliche Präposition (shíjiān jiècí / 时间介词 / Temporal preposition)
7.3 🔷 🎯 Purpose Preposition – Zweck-Präposition (mùdì jiècí / 目的介词 / Purpose preposition)
7.4 🔷 🔄 Instrumental Preposition – Mittel/Instrument (gōngjù jiècí / 工具介词 / Instrumental preposition)
🌸 8. PARTICLE (助词 – Partikel) zhùcí / 助词 / Particle
8.1 🌸 了 (le) Modal Particle – Modalpartikel
8.2 🌸 的 (de) Structural Particle – Strukturpartikel
8.3 🌸 吗 (ma) Interrogative Particle – Fragepartikel
8.4 🌸 吧 (ba) Suggestive Particle – Vorschlagspartikel
🟨 9. CONJUNCTION (连词 – Conjunction / Konjunktion) liáncí / 连词 / Conjunction
9.1 🟨 ➕ Coordinating Conjunction – Nebenordnende Konjunktion
9.2 🟨 ➡ Subordinating Conjunction – Unterordnende Konjunktion
🟧 10. INTERJECTION (叹词 – Interjection / Interjektion) tàncí / 叹词 / Interjection
10.1 🟧 😮 Exclamatory – Ausruf
10.2 🟧 🙏 Polite – Höflichkeitsformeln
11. Onomatopoeia / Lautmalerei (拟声词 nǐshēngcí / Onomatopoeia)
11.1 🟪 🌊 Natural sounds / Naturlaute
11.2 🟪 🐦 Human/Animal sounds / Mensch-Tier-Laute
11.3 🟪 🎵 Other sounds / Sonstige Laute
🟠 12. ARTICLE (冠词 – Article / Artikel) guàncí / 冠词 / Article
12.1 🟠 a / an – unbestimmter Artikel (不定冠词)
12.2 🟠 the – bestimmter Artikel (定冠词)