2️⃣ Master Table + Summary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
Type
|
Chinese Term
|
Pinyin
|
English Meaning
|
Deutsch
|
Function / Use
|
Example
|
EN
|
DE
|
1
|
Result Complement
|
结果补语
|
jiéguǒ bǔyǔ
|
result of action
|
Ergebnis-Ergänzung
|
shows what happens after action
|
吃完 chī wán
|
eat up / finish eating
|
aufessen
|
2
|
Result Complement
|
看到 / 听见
|
kàn dào / tīng jiàn
|
see / hear (result achieved)
|
sehen / hören (Ergebnis)
|
他看到了我。Tā kàn dào le wǒ.
|
He saw me.
|
Er hat mich gesehen.
|
|
3
|
Degree Complement
|
程度补语
|
chéngdù bǔyǔ
|
degree of action
|
Grad-Ergänzung
|
indicates how well or to what extent
|
累死了 lèi sǐ le
|
exhausted to death
|
todmüde
|
4
|
Degree Complement
|
得 + Adj.
|
de + adj.
|
describes extent after verb
|
beschreibt Ausmaß
|
他跑得快。Tā pǎo de kuài.
|
He runs fast.
|
Er läuft schnell.
|
|
5
|
Direction Complement
|
方向补语
|
fāngxiàng bǔyǔ
|
direction of motion
|
Richtungs-Ergänzung
|
shows movement (come/go/up/down)
|
走出来 zǒu chū lái
|
come out walking
|
hinausgehen
|
6
|
Direction Complement
|
上 / 下 / 进 / 出
|
shàng / xià / jìn / chū
|
up / down / in / out
|
hinauf / hinunter / hinein / hinaus
|
拿出来 ná chū lái
|
take out
|
herausholen
|
|
7
|
Potential Complement
|
可能补语
|
kěnéng bǔyǔ
|
possibility or ability
|
Möglichkeits-Ergänzung
|
得 / 不 after verb to show can/can’t
|
看得懂 kàn de dǒng
|
can understand
|
verstehen können
|
8
|
Potential Complement
|
吃不下
|
chī bu xià
|
can’t eat anymore
|
kann nicht mehr essen
|
verb + 不 + direction = inability
|
我吃不下了。Wǒ chī bu xià le.
|
I can’t eat any more.
|
Ich kann nichts mehr essen.
|
9
|
Quantity Complement
|
数量补语
|
shùliàng bǔyǔ
|
number or amount
|
Mengen-Ergänzung
|
shows times or quantity
|
看一次 kàn yí cì
|
watch once
|
einmal ansehen
|
10
|
Time Complement
|
时间补语
|
shíjiān bǔyǔ
|
duration or frequency
|
Zeit-Ergänzung
|
indicates how long / how often
|
睡了八个小时 shuì le bā ge xiǎoshí
|
slept 8 hours
|
acht Stunden geschlafen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|