📘 Master Table – Chinese Suffixes (后缀 hòuzuì)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
Hanzi
|
Pinyin
|
Meaning (EN)
|
Bedeutung (DE)
|
Function / Word Class
|
Example
|
Example EN/DE
|
1
|
儿
|
ér / r
|
diminutive, familiar
|
Verkleinerung, Vertrautheit
|
makes word colloquial or cute
|
花儿 huār
|
little flower / Blümchen
|
2
|
们
|
men
|
plural (for people)
|
Plural (nur für Menschen)
|
plural marker for pronouns & humans
|
我们 wǒmen
|
we / wir
|
3
|
子
|
zi
|
noun ending, object or thing
|
Substantivendung, Ding
|
forms neutral nouns
|
帽子 màozi
|
hat / Hut
|
4
|
头
|
tóu
|
end, part, thing
|
Ende, Teil, Ding
|
noun ending for concrete object
|
石头 shítou
|
stone / Stein
|
5
|
者
|
zhě
|
person / one who does
|
Person, der/die etwas tut
|
forms agent nouns from verbs
|
记者 jìzhě
|
reporter / Reporter
|
6
|
员
|
yuán
|
member, staff
|
Mitglied, Angestellter
|
institutional person
|
服务员 fúwùyuán
|
waiter / Kellner
|
7
|
家
|
jiā
|
expert, specialist, scholar
|
Experte, Fachmann
|
profession / academic noun
|
音乐家 yīnyuèjiā
|
musician / Musiker
|
8
|
师
|
shī
|
master, teacher
|
Meister, Lehrer
|
professional title
|
老师 lǎoshī
|
teacher / Lehrer
|
9
|
士
|
shì
|
soldier, scholar, man of virtue
|
Soldat, Gelehrter
|
formal title / rank
|
战士 zhànshì
|
soldier / Soldat
|
10
|
工
|
gōng
|
worker, craft
|
Arbeiter, Handwerk
|
occupation suffix
|
工人 gōngrén
|
worker / Arbeiter
|
11
|
长
|
zhǎng
|
chief, head
|
Leiter, Chef
|
leadership position
|
校长 xiàozhǎng
|
headmaster / Schulleiter
|
12
|
性
|
xìng
|
property, nature, -ness
|
Eigenschaft, -heit
|
forms abstract nouns
|
可能性 kěnéngxìng
|
possibility / Möglichkeit
|
13
|
化
|
huà
|
-ize, transform
|
-isieren, verwandeln
|
verb or noun creator
|
美化 měihuà
|
beautify / verschönern
|
14
|
学
|
xué
|
-ology, study of
|
-wissenschaft, -kunde
|
field of study
|
语言学 yǔyánxué
|
linguistics / Sprachwissenschaft
|
15
|
主义
|
zhǔyì
|
-ism, doctrine
|
-ismus, Lehre
|
ideological concept
|
资本主义 zīběn zhǔyì
|
capitalism / Kapitalismus
|
16
|
性别
|
xìngbié
|
-gender, type
|
-Geschlecht, Art
|
noun specifier
|
男性 nánxìng
|
male gender / männlich
|
17
|
界
|
jiè
|
world, circle
|
-welt, -kreis
|
domain / profession
|
艺术界 yìshùjiè
|
art world / Kunstwelt
|
18
|
化学家
|
huàxuéjiā
|
chemist
|
Chemiker
|
combines #13 + #7 (化 + 家)
|
–
|
shows suffix stacking
|
19
|
院
|
yuàn
|
institute, courtyard
|
Institut, Hof
|
building / institution
|
医院 yīyuàn
|
hospital / Krankenhaus
|
20
|
馆
|
guǎn
|
hall, building
|
-halle, -haus
|
institutional place
|
图书馆 túshūguǎn
|
library / Bibliothek
|
21
|
场
|
chǎng
|
place, site
|
Ort, Platz
|
location suffix
|
机场 jīchǎng
|
airport / Flughafen
|
22
|
头 / 边 / 面
|
tóu / biān / miàn
|
side, edge, surface
|
Seite, Rand, Fläche
|
spatial suffix
|
外边 wàibiān
|
outside / draußen
|
23
|
员 -化 combo
|
yuán – huà
|
organization member turned profession
|
Berufsbezeichnung aus Institution
|
复合后缀 – double suffix
|
工会会员 gōnghuì huìyuán
|
union member / Gewerkschafter
|
24
|
儿化 (-r sound)
|
ér – tone change
|
northern suffix changing sound and tone
|
nördlicher Suffix, ändert Aussprache
|
colloquial form
|
门儿 ménr
|
door (colloquial) / Tür umgangssprachlich
|