#️⃣ #1-72 – 今天 (jīntiān = heute / today)
➡️ Sentence type: #14 Relativsatz / Attributsatz (定语从句 dìngyǔ cóngjù / Relative clause)


🔡 Pinyin
Zhè shì wǒ jīntiān mǎi de shū.
⬛👉 zhè (Pronoun – Demonstrative, this) 🟥🟥🔗 shì (Verb – Linking/copula, to be) ⬛👤 (Pronoun – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 jīntiān (Noun – Time, today) 🟥🟥🤲 mǎi (Verb – Transitive, to buy) 🌸 de (Particle – Structural, relativizer) 🟦🟦📖 shū (Noun – Concrete, book)

➡️ Verb notes:

  • mǎi (买) = transitive verb “to buy”, requires object.

  • de (的) = structural particle → links relative clause with noun.

  • Clause “我今天买的” modifies .


🈷 Hanzi
这是我今天买的书。
⬛👉 (Demonstrativpronomen) 🟥🟥🔗 (Kopulaverb) ⬛👤 (Pronomen – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 今天 (Zeitnomen – heute) 🟥🟥🤲 (Verb – transitiv, kaufen) 🌸 (Strukturpartikel – Relativsatz) 🟦🟦📖 (Nomen – konkret, Buch)


🅴 English
This is the book (that) I bought today.
⬛👉 this (Pronoun – Demonstrative) 🟥🟥🔗 is (Verb – Linking) ⬛👤 I (Pronoun – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 today (Noun – Time) 🟥🟥🤲 bought (Verb – Transitive) 🌸 that (Relative particle) 🟦🟦📖 book (Noun – Concrete)


🅳 Deutsch
Das ist das Buch, das ich heute gekauft habe.
⬛👉 das (Pronomen – Demonstrativ) 🟥🟥🔗 ist (Verb – Kopula) ⬛👤 ich (Pronomen – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 heute (Nomen – Zeit) 🟥🟥🤲 gekauft (Verb – transitiv) 🌸 das (Relativpartikel) 🟦🟦📖 Buch (Nomen – konkret)


📚 Grammar (EN / DE)

  • EN: Relative clause pattern: [Subject + Time + Verb + 的] + Noun.
    → 我今天买的 modifies .

  • DE: Attributsatz-Struktur: [Subjekt + Zeit + Verb + 的] + Nomen.
    → „ich heute gekauft habe“ beschreibt das Buch.

  • Sentence type: #14 Relativsatz / Attributsatz.


🔁 Legend for repetition

Symbol

Hanzi

Pinyin

Wortart (DE/EN)

Sub-Wortart (DE/EN)

Nr.

⬛👉

zhè

Pronomen / Pronoun

Demonstrativpronomen / Demonstrative pronoun

5.4

🟥🟥🔗

shì

Verb / Verb

Kopulaverb / Linking verb

2.7

⬛👤

Pronomen / Pronoun

Personalpronomen / Personal

5.1

🟦🟦🕒

今天

jīntiān

Nomen / Noun

Zeitnomen / Time noun

1.4

🟥🟥🤲

mǎi

Verb / Verb

Transitiver Gebrauch / Transitive verb

2.2

🌸

de

Partikel / Particle

Struktur-/Relativpartikel / Structural particle (relative)

8.2

🟦🟦📖

shū

Nomen / Noun

Konkretes Nomen / Concrete noun

1.1