#️⃣ #1-72 – 今天 (jīntiān = heute / today)
➡️ Sentence type: #14 Relativsatz / Attributsatz (定语从句 dìngyǔ cóngjù / Relative clause)
🔡 Pinyin
Zhè shì wǒ jīntiān mǎi de shū.
⬛👉 zhè (Pronoun – Demonstrative, this) 🟥🟥🔗 shì (Verb – Linking/copula, to be) ⬛👤 wǒ (Pronoun – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 jīntiān (Noun – Time, today) 🟥🟥🤲 mǎi (Verb – Transitive, to buy) 🌸 de (Particle – Structural, relativizer) 🟦🟦📖 shū (Noun – Concrete, book)
➡️ Verb notes:
-
mǎi (买) = transitive verb “to buy”, requires object.
-
de (的) = structural particle → links relative clause with noun.
-
Clause “我今天买的” modifies 书.
🈷 Hanzi
这是我今天买的书。
⬛👉 这 (Demonstrativpronomen) 🟥🟥🔗 是 (Kopulaverb) ⬛👤 我 (Pronomen – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 今天 (Zeitnomen – heute) 🟥🟥🤲 买 (Verb – transitiv, kaufen) 🌸 的 (Strukturpartikel – Relativsatz) 🟦🟦📖 书 (Nomen – konkret, Buch)
🅴 English
This is the book (that) I bought today.
⬛👉 this (Pronoun – Demonstrative) 🟥🟥🔗 is (Verb – Linking) ⬛👤 I (Pronoun – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 today (Noun – Time) 🟥🟥🤲 bought (Verb – Transitive) 🌸 that (Relative particle) 🟦🟦📖 book (Noun – Concrete)
🅳 Deutsch
Das ist das Buch, das ich heute gekauft habe.
⬛👉 das (Pronomen – Demonstrativ) 🟥🟥🔗 ist (Verb – Kopula) ⬛👤 ich (Pronomen – Personal) 🟦🟦🕒 heute (Nomen – Zeit) 🟥🟥🤲 gekauft (Verb – transitiv) 🌸 das (Relativpartikel) 🟦🟦📖 Buch (Nomen – konkret)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: Relative clause pattern: [Subject + Time + Verb + 的] + Noun.
→ 我今天买的 modifies 书. -
DE: Attributsatz-Struktur: [Subjekt + Zeit + Verb + 的] + Nomen.
→ „ich heute gekauft habe“ beschreibt das Buch. -
Sentence type: #14 Relativsatz / Attributsatz.
🔁 Legend for repetition
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
⬛👉 |
这 |
zhè |
Pronomen / Pronoun |
Demonstrativpronomen / Demonstrative pronoun |
5.4 |
🟥🟥🔗 |
是 |
shì |
Verb / Verb |
Kopulaverb / Linking verb |
2.7 |
⬛👤 |
我 |
wǒ |
Pronomen / Pronoun |
Personalpronomen / Personal |
5.1 |
🟦🟦🕒 |
今天 |
jīntiān |
Nomen / Noun |
Zeitnomen / Time noun |
1.4 |
🟥🟥🤲 |
买 |
mǎi |
Verb / Verb |
Transitiver Gebrauch / Transitive verb |
2.2 |
🌸 |
的 |
de |
Partikel / Particle |
Struktur-/Relativpartikel / Structural particle (relative) |
8.2 |
🟦🟦📖 |
书 |
shū |
Nomen / Noun |
Konkretes Nomen / Concrete noun |
1.1 |