#️⃣ #182 – 了 (le = Partikel, aspect/completed action) (#WC1-055)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù)
🔡 Pinyin
Wǒ kàn le yī běn shū.
⬛👤 wǒ (Pronoun – Personal) 🟥🟥🤲 kàn (Verb – Transitive, to read/watch) 🌸 le (Particle – Aspect, completed action) 🔢 yī (Numeral – one) 🟦📏 běn (Measure word – for books) 🟦🟦📖 shū (Noun – Concrete, book)
➡️ Verb notes:
-
看 (kàn) = transitive verb “to read/look at”.
-
了 (le) = aspect particle (8.1) → signals completed action (perfective aspect).
🈷 Hanzi
我看了一本书。
⬛👤 我 (Pronomen – Personal) 🟥🟥🤲 看 (Verb – transitiv, lesen/schauen) 🌸 了 (Aspektpartikel – Abschluss) 🔢 一 (Zahlwort – eins) 🟦📏 本 (ZEW – für Bücher) 🟦🟦📖 书 (Nomen – konkret, Buch)
🅴 English
I read a book (completed).
⬛👤 I (Pronoun – Personal) 🟥🟥🤲 read (Verb – Transitive) 🌸 le (Aspect particle – completed) 🔢 one (Numeral) 🟦📏 (MW) (for books) 🟦🟦📖 book (Noun – Concrete)
🅳 Deutsch
Ich habe ein Buch gelesen.
⬛👤 ich (Pronomen – Personal) 🟥🟥🤲 gelesen (Verb – transitiv) 🌸 了 (Aspektpartikel – abgeschlossen) 🔢 ein (Zahlwort) 🟦📏 (ZEW) (für Bücher) 🟦🟦📖 Buch (Nomen – konkret)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 了 (le) = aspect particle (8.1), marks completion of an action, not past tense itself.
Structure: Subject + Verb + 了 + Object. -
DE: 了 (le) = Aspektpartikel, signalisiert abgeschlossene Handlung, nicht allein Vergangenheitszeit.
Satzmuster: Subjekt + Verb + 了 + Objekt. -
Sentence type: #1 Declarative sentence.
🔁 Legend for repetition
| Symbol | Hanzi | Pinyin | Wortart (DE/EN) | Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) | Nr. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ⬛👤 | 我 | wǒ | Pronomen / Pronoun | Personalpronomen / Personal | 5.1 |
| 🟥🟥🤲 | 看 | kàn | Verb / Verb | Transitiver Gebrauch / Transitive verb | 2.2 |
| 🌸 | 了 | le | Partikel / Particle | Aspektpartikel / Aspect particle | 8.1 |
| 🔢 | 一 | yī | Zahlwort / Numeral | Kardinalzahl / Cardinal number | 4.3 |
| 🟦📏 | 本 | běn | Maßwort / Measure word | ZEW für Bücher | 4.1 |
| 🟦🟦📖 | 书 | shū | Nomen / Noun | Konkretes Nomen / Concrete noun | 1.1 |