#️⃣ #2360 – 留 (liú = to stay / bleiben, verweilen)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Vergangenheit / Aufenthalt)
🔡 Pinyin
Nǐmen shàng gè xīngqī zài Běijīng 留 le sān tiān.
⬛ 👥 nǐmen (Pronoun – you plural)
🟦🟦 🕒 shàng gè xīngqī (Time Noun – last week)
🟦🟦 🌏 zài Běijīng (Place Noun – in Beijing)
🟥🟥 🏃 liú (Main Verb – to stay)
🌸 le (Aspect Particle – past action)
🔢 sān tiān (Cardinal Number + Time Noun – three days)
🈷 Hanzi
你们上个星期在北京留了三天。
⬛ 👥 你们 (nǐmen – „ihr“)
🟦🟦 🕒 上个星期 (shàng gè xīngqī – „letzte Woche“)
🟦🟦 🌏 在北京 (zài Běijīng – „in Peking“)
🟥🟥 留 (liú – „bleiben“)
🌸 了 (le – Aspektpartikel, Vergangenheit)
🔢 三天 (sān tiān – „drei Tage“)
🅴 English
You (plural) stayed in Beijing for three days last week.
Lit.: You-plural last week in Beijing stay le three days.
⬛ 👥 you (plural) (nǐmen – Pronoun)
🟦🟦 last week (shàng gè xīngqī – Time noun)
🟦🟦 in Beijing (zài Běijīng – Place noun)
🟥🟥 stay (liú – Verb)
🌸 le (aspect particle)
🔢 three days (sān tiān – Time noun)
🅳 Deutsch
Ihr seid letzte Woche drei Tage in Peking geblieben.
Wörtlich: Ihr letzte Woche in Peking bleiben le drei Tage.
⬛ 👥 ihr (nǐmen – Pronomen)
🟦🟦 letzte Woche (shàng gè xīngqī – Zeitnomen)
🟦🟦 in Peking (zài Běijīng – Ortsnomen)
🟥🟥 bleiben (liú – Verb)
🌸 le (Partikel, Vergangenheit)
🔢 drei Tage (sān tiān – Zeitnomen)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 留 = “to stay, remain.” Often used with places/time: 在北京留三天 (stay in Beijing for 3 days).
-
DE: 留 = „bleiben, verweilen.“ Strukturen: 留在家里 („zu Hause bleiben“), 留三天 („3 Tage bleiben“).
-
Pattern: Subj + Time + Place + 留 + 了 + Duration.
🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
⬛ 👥 |
你们 |
nǐmen |
Pronoun |
Personal Pronoun plural (you) |
5.1 |
🟦🟦 🕒 |
上个星期 |
shàng gè xīngqī |
Noun |
Time Noun (last week) |
1.4 |
🟦🟦 🌏 |
在北京 |
zài Běijīng |
Noun/Preposition |
Place Noun (in Beijing) |
1.3 + 7.1 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
留 |
liú |
Verb |
Main Verb (to stay, to remain) |
2.1 |
🌸 |
了 |
le |
Particle |
Aspect Particle (past action) |
8.1 |
🔢 |
三天 |
sān tiān |
Numeral + Noun |
Cardinal Number + Time Noun (three days) |
4.3 + 1.4 |
#️⃣ #2361 – 留下 (liúxià = to stay, to remain / bleiben, zurückbleiben, hinterlassen)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Zukunft / Aufenthalt)
🔡 Pinyin
Míngnián nǐ huì zài Zhōngguó 留下 gōngzuò ma?
🟪 ⏱ míngnián (Time Noun – next year)
⬛ 👤 nǐ (Pronoun – you, singular)
🟥🟥 💭 huì (Modal Verb – will, be going to)
🟦🟦 🌏 zài Zhōngguó (Place Noun – in China)
🟥🟥 🏃 liúxià (Main Verb – to stay, to remain)
🟦🟦 ❤️ gōngzuò (Abstract Noun – work)
🌸 ma (Interrogative Particle – yes/no question)
🈷 Hanzi
明年你会在中国留下工作吗?
🟪 ⏱ 明年 (míngnián – „nächstes Jahr“)
⬛ 👤 你 (nǐ – „du“)
🟥🟥 会 (huì – „werden, können“)
🟦🟦 🌏 在中国 (zài Zhōngguó – „in China“)
🟥🟥 留下 (liúxià – „bleiben, zurückbleiben“)
🟦🟦 ❤️ 工作 (gōngzuò – „Arbeit, Tätigkeit“)
🌸 吗 (ma – Fragesatzpartikel)
🅴 English
Will you stay in China next year to work?
Lit.: Next year you will in China stay work ma?
🟪 next year (míngnián – Time noun)
⬛ you (nǐ – Pronoun)
🟥🟥 will (huì – Modal verb)
🟦🟦 in China (zài Zhōngguó – Place noun)
🟥🟥 stay (liúxià – Verb)
🟦🟦 work (gōngzuò – Abstract noun)
🌸 ma (question particle)
🅳 Deutsch
Wirst du nächstes Jahr in China bleiben, um zu arbeiten?
Wörtlich: Nächstes Jahr du werden in China bleiben Arbeit ma?
🟪 nächstes Jahr (míngnián – Zeitnomen)
⬛ du (nǐ – Pronomen)
🟥🟥 werden (huì – Modalverb)
🟦🟦 in China (zài Zhōngguó – Ortsnomen)
🟥🟥 bleiben (liúxià – Verb)
🟦🟦 Arbeit (gōngzuò – abstraktes Nomen)
🌸 ma (Fragepartikel)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 留下 = “to stay, to remain, to be left behind.” Often used with place/time. With 会 → future tense.
-
DE: 留下 = „bleiben, zurückbleiben, hinterlassen.“ Mit 会 → Futur.
-
Pattern: 明年 + Subj + 会 + 在 + Place + 留下 + Object + 吗?
🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
🟪 ⏱ |
明年 |
míngnián |
Noun |
Time Noun (next year) |
1.4 |
⬛ 👤 |
你 |
nǐ |
Pronoun |
Personal Pronoun (you) |
5.1 |
🟥🟥 💭 |
会 |
huì |
Verb |
Modal Verb (will, can) |
2.4 |
🟦🟦 🌏 |
在中国 |
zài Zhōngguó |
Place Noun |
Place Noun (in China) |
1.3 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
留下 |
liúxià |
Verb |
Main Verb (to stay, to remain) |
2.1 |
🟦🟦 ❤️ |
工作 |
gōngzuò |
Noun |
Abstract Noun (work, job) |
1.5 |
🌸 |
吗 |
ma |
Particle |
Interrogative Particle (question) |
8.3 |
#️⃣ #2362 – 留学生 (liúxuéshēng = overseas student / ausländischer Student, Austauschstudent)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Bildung/Personen)
🔡 Pinyin
Tā shì yí gè cóng Déguó lái de 留学生.
⬛ 👤 tā (Pronoun – he/she)
🟥🟥 🔗 shì (Linking Verb – to be)
🔢 yí gè (Numeral + Measure Word – one, a)
🟦🟦 🌏 cóng Déguó (Proper Noun Phrase – from Germany)
🟥🟥 🏃 lái (Main Verb – to come)
🌸 de (Structural Particle – attributive)
🟦🟦 👤 liúxuéshēng (Concrete Noun – overseas student)
🈷 Hanzi
他是一个从德国来的留学生。
⬛ 👤 他 (tā – „er“)
🟥🟥 是 (shì – „ist“)
🔢 一个 (yí gè – „ein“)
🟦🟦 🌏 从德国 (cóng Déguó – „aus Deutschland“)
🟥🟥 来 (lái – „kommen“)
🌸 的 (de – Strukturpartikel)
🟦🟦 👤 留学生 (liúxuéshēng – „ausländischer Student, Austauschstudent“)
🅴 English
He is an overseas student from Germany.
Lit.: He is one MW from Germany come de overseas-student.
⬛ 👤 he (tā – Pronoun)
🟥🟥 is (shì – Linking verb)
🔢 one (yí gè – Numeral + MW)
🟦🟦 from Germany (cóng Déguó – Proper noun phrase)
🟥🟥 come (lái – Verb)
🌸 de (particle)
🟦🟦 overseas student (liúxuéshēng – Noun)
🅳 Deutsch
Er ist ein ausländischer Student aus Deutschland.
Wörtlich: Er ist ein aus Deutschland kommender Ausland-Student.
⬛ 👤 er (tā – Pronomen)
🟥🟥 ist (shì – Kopulaverb)
🔢 ein (yí gè – Zahlwort + ZEW)
🟦🟦 aus Deutschland (cóng Déguó – Eigenname + Präposition)
🟥🟥 kommen (lái – Verb)
🌸 de (Strukturpartikel)
🟦🟦 Auslandsstudent (liúxuéshēng – Nomen)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 留学生 = “foreign student, student studying abroad.”
-
DE: 留学生 = „ausländischer Student, Austauschstudent.“
-
Pattern: [Subj] + 是 + 一个 + 从 + Country + 来的 + 留学生 = “[Subj] is an overseas student from X.”
🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
⬛ 👤 |
他 |
tā |
Pronoun |
Personal Pronoun (he) |
5.1 |
🟥🟥 🔗 |
是 |
shì |
Verb |
Linking Verb (to be) |
2.8 |
🔢 |
一个 |
yí gè |
Numeral + MW |
Cardinal Number + Measure Word (one, a) |
4.3 + 4.1 |
🟦🟦 🌏 |
从德国 |
cóng Déguó |
Noun Phrase |
Proper Noun Phrase (from Germany) |
1.2 + 7.1 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
来 |
lái |
Verb |
Main Verb (to come) |
2.1 |
🌸 |
的 |
de |
Particle |
Structural Particle (attributive) |
8.2 |
🟦🟦 👤 |
留学生 |
liúxuéshēng |
Noun |
Concrete/Person Noun (overseas student) |
1.1 |
#️⃣ #2363 – 流 (liú = to flow, to spread / fließen, strömen, sich verbreiten)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Natur/Bewegung)
🔡 Pinyin
Hé shuǐ cóng shān shàng 流 xiàlái, yīzhí rù hǎi.
🟦🟦 📦 hé shuǐ (Concrete Noun – river water)
🟦🟦 🌏 cóng shān shàng (Place Noun – from the mountain)
🟥🟥 🏃 liú (Main Verb – to flow)
🟥🟥 🧭 xiàlái (Directional Verb – downwards)
🟪 ⏱ yīzhí (Time Adverb – continuously)
🟥🟥 🏃 rù (Main Verb – to enter)
🟦🟦 🌏 hǎi (Place Noun – sea)
🈷 Hanzi
河水从山上流下来,一直入海。
🟦🟦 📦 河水 (hé shuǐ – „Flusswasser“)
🟦🟦 🌏 从山上 (cóng shān shàng – „vom Berg“)
🟥🟥 流 (liú – „fließen“)
🟥🟥 下来 (xiàlái – „herunter“)
🟪 ⏱ 一直 (yīzhí – „ständig, ununterbrochen“)
🟥🟥 入 (rù – „hineinfließen, eintreten“)
🟦🟦 🌏 海 (hǎi – „Meer“)
🅴 English
The river water flows down from the mountain and continuously enters the sea.
Lit.: River water from mountain flow down, continuously enter sea.
🟦🟦 river water (hé shuǐ – Concrete noun)
🟦🟦 from the mountain (cóng shān shàng – Place noun)
🟥🟥 flow (liú – Verb)
🟥🟥 down (xiàlái – Directional verb)
🟪 continuously (yīzhí – Adverb)
🟥🟥 enter (rù – Verb)
🟦🟦 sea (hǎi – Noun)
🅳 Deutsch
Das Flusswasser fließt vom Berg hinunter und mündet ununterbrochen ins Meer.
Wörtlich: Flusswasser vom Berg fließen herunter, ständig hineingehen Meer.
🟦🟦 Flusswasser (hé shuǐ – konkretes Nomen)
🟦🟦 vom Berg (cóng shān shàng – Ortsangabe)
🟥🟥 fließen (liú – Verb)
🟥🟥 herunter (xiàlái – Richtungsverb)
🟪 ständig (yīzhí – Adverb)
🟥🟥 eintreten/münden (rù – Verb)
🟦🟦 Meer (hǎi – Nomen)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 流 = “to flow, to spread.” Used for water, air, blood, time, even information: 时间流逝 (time flows by).
-
DE: 流 = „fließen, strömen, sich verbreiten.“ Typische Wörter: 河流 (river), 流行 (popular, spread), 流汗 (to sweat).
-
Pattern: X + 从 + Place + 流下来/流出去 = “X flows down/out from place.”
🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
🟦🟦 📦 |
河水 |
hé shuǐ |
Noun |
Concrete Noun (river water) |
1.1 |
🟦🟦 🌏 |
从山上 |
cóng shān shàng |
Noun/Prep |
Place Noun (from the mountain) |
1.3 + 7.1 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
流 |
liú |
Verb |
Main Verb (to flow, to spread) |
2.1 |
🟥🟥 🧭 |
下来 |
xiàlái |
Verb |
Directional Verb (down, downwards) |
2.6 |
🟪 ⏱ |
一直 |
yīzhí |
Adverb |
Time Adverb (continuously) |
6.1 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
入 |
rù |
Verb |
Main Verb (to enter) |
2.1 |
🟦🟦 🌏 |
海 |
hǎi |
Noun |
Place Noun (sea) |
1.3 |
#️⃣ #2364 – 流利 (liúlì = fluent / fließend)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Sprache/Fähigkeit)
🔡 Pinyin
Tā shuō Hànyǔ hěn 流利.
⬛ 👤 tā (Pronoun – he/she)
🟥🟥 🏃 shuō (Main Verb – to speak)
🟦🟦 ❤️ Hànyǔ (Abstract Noun – Chinese language)
🟪 💯 hěn (Degree Adverb – very)
🟩🟩 🌟 liúlì (Quality Adjective – fluent)
🈷 Hanzi
他说汉语很流利。
⬛ 👤 他 (tā – „er“)
🟥🟥 说 (shuō – „sprechen“)
🟦🟦 ❤️ 汉语 (Hànyǔ – „Chinesisch“)
🟪 💯 很 (hěn – „sehr“)
🟩🟩 🌟 流利 (liúlì – „fließend“)
🅴 English
He speaks Chinese very fluently.
Lit.: He speak Chinese very fluent.
⬛ 👤 he (tā – Pronoun)
🟥🟥 speak (shuō – Verb)
🟦🟦 Chinese (Hànyǔ – Abstract noun)
🟪 very (hěn – Adverb)
🟩🟩 fluent (liúlì – Adjective)
🅳 Deutsch
Er spricht sehr fließend Chinesisch.
Wörtlich: Er sprechen Chinesisch sehr fließend.
⬛ 👤 er (tā – Pronomen)
🟥🟥 sprechen (shuō – Verb)
🟦🟦 Chinesisch (Hànyǔ – Abstraktnomen)
🟪 sehr (hěn – Adverb)
🟩🟩 fließend (liúlì – Adjektiv)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 流利 = “fluent,” mainly used for spoken language. Common collocation: 说得很流利 (speak fluently).
-
DE: 流利 = „fließend,“ fast ausschließlich für Sprachfertigkeit.
-
Pattern: Subj + 说 + Language + 很流利 = “[Subj] speaks [Language] fluently.”
🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
⬛ 👤 |
他 |
tā |
Pronoun |
Personal Pronoun (he) |
5.1 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
说 |
shuō |
Verb |
Main Verb (to speak) |
2.1 |
🟦🟦 ❤️ |
汉语 |
Hànyǔ |
Noun |
Abstract Noun (Chinese language) |
1.5 |
🟪 💯 |
很 |
hěn |
Adverb |
Degree Adverb (very) |
6.3 |
🟩🟩 🌟 |
流利 |
liúlì |
Adjective |
Quality Adjective (fluent) |
3.1 |
#️⃣ #2365 – 流行 (liúxíng = popular, fashionable / populär, in Mode, verbreitet)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Mode/Kultur)
🔡 Pinyin
Zhè shǒu gē zài qīngshàonián zhōng fēicháng 流行.
⬛ 👉 zhè shǒu gē (Demonstrative Pronoun + Concrete Noun – this song)
🟦🟦 🏠 zài qīngshàonián zhōng (Place/Collective Noun – among young people)
🟪 💯 fēicháng (Degree Adverb – extremely)
🟥🟥 🏃 liúxíng (Main Verb/Adjective – to be popular, fashionable)
🈷 Hanzi
这首歌在青少年中非常流行。
⬛ 👉 这首歌 (zhè shǒu gē – „dieses Lied“)
🟦🟦 🏠 在青少年中 (zài qīngshàonián zhōng – „unter Jugendlichen“)
🟪 💯 非常 (fēicháng – „sehr, äußerst“)
🟥🟥 流行 (liúxíng – „beliebt, in Mode“)
🅴 English
This song is very popular among young people.
Lit.: This song among young-people extremely popular.
⬛ 👉 this song (zhè shǒu gē – Noun phrase)
🟦🟦 among young people (zài qīngshàonián zhōng – Place/Collective noun)
🟪 extremely (fēicháng – Adverb)
🟥🟥 popular (liúxíng – Verb/Adjective)
🅳 Deutsch
Dieses Lied ist bei Jugendlichen sehr beliebt.
Wörtlich: Dieses Lied bei Jugendlichen äußerst populär.
⬛ 👉 dieses Lied (zhè shǒu gē – Nomenphrase)
🟦🟦 unter Jugendlichen (zài qīngshàonián zhōng – Orts-/Kollektivnomen)
🟪 äußerst (fēicháng – Adverb)
🟥🟥 beliebt / in Mode (liúxíng – Verb/Adjektiv)
📚 Grammar (EN / DE)
-
EN: 流行 = “popular, fashionable.” Used for songs, clothes, trends. E.g. 流行歌曲 (pop song), 流行文化 (pop culture).
-
DE: 流行 = „in Mode, beliebt, verbreitet.“ Typisch für Musik, Kleidung, kulturelle Trends.
-
Pattern: Noun + 在 + Group + 中 + 很/非常流行 = “[Noun] is very popular among [group].”
🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)
Symbol |
Hanzi |
Pinyin |
Wortart (DE/EN) |
Sub-Wortart (DE/EN) |
Nr. |
⬛ 👉 |
这首歌 |
zhè shǒu gē |
Noun phrase |
Demonstrative Pronoun + Concrete Noun |
5.4 + 1.1 |
🟦🟦 🏠 |
在青少年中 |
zài qīngshàonián zhōng |
Noun/Prep Phrase |
Place/Collective Noun (among young people) |
1.3 + 1.6 |
🟪 💯 |
非常 |
fēicháng |
Adverb |
Degree Adverb (extremely, very) |
6.3 |
🟥🟥 🏃 |
流行 |
liúxíng |
Verb/Adjective |
Main Verb / Quality Adjective (popular) |
2.1 / 3.1 |