#️⃣ #3281 – 海关 (hǎiguān = customs / Zoll)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Institution / Verwaltung)

🔡 Pinyin
Hǎiguān yào jiǎnchá wǒmen de xínglǐ.

🟦🟦🏛 hǎiguān (Noun – Institution, customs)
🟥🟥🏃 yào (Verb – Modal verb, must / need to)
🟥🟥🏃 jiǎnchá (Verb – Main verb, to inspect)
🟦🟦🎒 wǒmen de xínglǐ (Noun – Concrete, our luggage)

🈷 Hanzi
海关要检查我们的行李。
🟦🟦 海关 (Nomen – Institution, Zoll)
🟥🟥 要 (Verb – Modal, müssen)
🟥🟥 检查 (Verb – Vollverb, prüfen, kontrollieren)
🟦🟦 我们的行李 (Nomen – Konkret, unser Gepäck)

🅴 English
Customs must inspect our luggage.
🟦🟦 customs (Noun – Institution)
🟥🟥 must (Verb – Modal verb)
🟥🟥 inspect (Verb – Main verb)
🟦🟦 our luggage (Noun – Concrete)

🅳 Deutsch
Der Zoll muss unser Gepäck kontrollieren.
🟦🟦 Zoll (Nomen – Institution)
🟥🟥 muss (Verb – Modal)
🟥🟥 kontrollieren (Verb – Vollverb)
🟦🟦 unser Gepäck (Nomen – Konkret)

📚 Grammar (EN / DE)

  • EN: 海关 = “customs,” official institution. 常与“检查, 通关, 手续”连用.

  • DE: 海关 = „Zoll,“ Institution. Typisch in „Zollkontrolle,“ „Zollabfertigung.“ Satzstruktur: Subjekt (Institution) + Modalverb 要 + Hauptverb (检查) + Objekt.

🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)

Symbol

Hanzi

Pinyin

Wortart (DE/EN)

Sub-Wortart (DE/EN)

Nr.

🟦🟦🏛

海关

hǎiguān

Nomen / Noun

Institution / Institution (customs)

1.7

🟥🟥🏃

yào

Verb / Verb

Modalverb / Modal verb (must, need)

2.4

🟥🟥🏃

检查

jiǎnchá

Verb / Verb

Vollverb / Main verb (to inspect)

2.1

🟦🟦🎒

我们的行李

wǒmen de xínglǐ

Nomen / Noun

Konkret / Concrete noun (our luggage)

1.3

 

#️⃣ #3282 – 害怕 (hàipà = to fear / sich fürchten)
➡️ Sentence type: #1 Aussagesatz / Declarative sentence (陈述句 chénshùjù, Emotion / Gefühl)

🔡 Pinyin
Wǒ jiějie zài wǎnshàng hěn hàipà biānfú.

⬛👤 wǒ (Pronoun – I/my → here: “my”)
🟦🟦👩 jiějie (Noun – Concrete, sister)
🟦🟦🌙 zài wǎnshàng (Time Noun – at night)
🟨⚖ hěn (Adverb – degree, very)
🟥🟥🏃 hàipà (Verb – Main verb, to fear)
🟦🟦🦇 biānfú (Noun – Concrete, bat)

🈷 Hanzi
我姐姐在晚上很害怕蝙蝠。
⬛👤 我 (Pronomen – mein)
🟦🟦 姐姐 (Nomen – Schwester)
🟦🟦 晚上 (Nomen – Zeit, Nacht)
🟨 很 (Adverb – sehr)
🟥🟥 害怕 (Verb – sich fürchten)
🟦🟦 蝙蝠 (Nomen – Fledermäuse)

🅴 English
My sister is very afraid of bats at night.
⬛👤 my (Pronoun – possessive)
🟦🟦 sister (Noun – Concrete)
🟦🟦 at night (Noun – Time)
🟨 very (Adverb – degree)
🟥🟥 afraid (Verb – Main verb, to fear)
🟦🟦 bats (Noun – Concrete)

🅳 Deutsch
Meine Schwester fürchtet sich nachts sehr vor Fledermäusen.
⬛👤 meine (Pronomen – Possessiv)
🟦🟦 Schwester (Nomen – Konkret)
🟦🟦 nachts (Nomen – Zeit)
🟨 sehr (Adverb – Intensität)
🟥🟥 fürchtet sich (Verb – Vollverb)
🟦🟦 Fledermäuse (Nomen – Konkret)

📚 Grammar (EN / DE)

  • EN: 害怕 = verb “to fear, to be afraid.” Often used with 对 (duì) + noun: 对黑暗很害怕 “afraid of the dark.”

  • DE: 害怕 = „sich fürchten, Angst haben.“ Typisch: 很害怕 + Nomen / 对…很害怕. Satzstruktur: Subjekt + 在 + Zeitangabe + 很 + 害怕 + Objekt.

🔁 Legend (Mastertabelle)

Symbol

Hanzi

Pinyin

Wortart (DE/EN)

Sub-Wortart (DE/EN)

Nr.

⬛👤

Pronomen / Pronoun

Possessiv (mein/my)

5.1

🟦🟦👩

姐姐

jiějie

Nomen / Noun

Konkret / Concrete (sister)

1.3

🟦🟦🌙

晚上

wǎnshàng

Nomen / Noun

Zeitnomen / Time noun (night)

1.4

🟨⚖

hěn

Adverb / Adverb

Gradadverb / Degree adverb (very)

6.2

🟥🟥🏃

害怕

hàipà

Verb / Verb

Vollverb / Main verb (to fear)

2.1

🟦🟦🦇

蝙蝠

biānfú

Nomen / Noun

Konkret / Concrete noun (bat)

1.3